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Tag: tathagatdwij

  • Beyond the Breaking News-Part 9

    Violence, Fear, Perception and Agency

    Deepali Bhattacharya

    In conversation with TD, Clinical Psychologist  ·  An eleven-part reflection, with notes and references

    PART IX

    Agency: The Antidote to Fear

    “Fear tells us what we cannot control. Agency reminds us what we still can.”

    After several conversations on fear, I found myself asking TD a question that many of us quietly ask ourselves after every disturbing news report.

    “What can one ordinary person possibly do?”

    It is an honest question.

    We cannot eliminate violence.

    We cannot predict every danger.

    We cannot control the choices other people make.

    So where does that leave us?

    TD’s answer shifted the conversation in an important way.

    “Psychology uses a simple but powerful word—agency.” 19

    Agency is our ability to recognise that even when circumstances are beyond our control, our response is not.

    Fear narrows our world.

    Agency begins to expand it again.

    It is the difference between saying,

    “The world has become unsafe.”

    And asking,

    “What can I do to become safer?”

    The difference may appear small.

    Psychologically, it is enormous.

    Agency restores something that violence often steals.

    Choice.

    I have seen this repeatedly while working with women rebuilding their lives after violence.

    The turning point rarely arrives through one dramatic event.

    It begins quietly.

    A woman decides to attend a support group.

    Another applies for a job.

    Someone learns self-defence.

    Someone else files a complaint after years of silence.

    Each decision appears ordinary.

    Yet together they represent something extraordinary.

    They mark the return of agency.

    The same principle applies beyond individual lives.

    Communities become stronger when people know one another.

    When neighbours exchange phone numbers.

    When commuters intervene instead of merely recording.

    When schools teach children not only mathematics and science but also empathy, emotional regulation and responsible citizenship.

    Preparedness is not paranoia.

    It is confidence.

    The purpose of preparedness is not to convince ourselves that danger is everywhere.

    It is to reassure ourselves that if danger appears, we are not entirely helpless.

    Perhaps that is why agency is so deeply connected with hope.

    Hope is not wishful thinking.

    Hope is believing that our actions still matter. 20

    A QUESTION THAT STAYED WITH ME…

    If agency helps us respond after violence, what helps prevent violence from taking root in the first place?

    Perhaps the answer lies much closer to home than we imagine.

    Notes:

    19.  Bandura (1997, 2006) places agency and self-efficacy at the centre of psychological functioning: the belief that one’s actions can influence outcomes is among the strongest protections against helplessness.

    20.  This is close to Snyder’s (2002) hope theory, in which hope is not optimism but the combination of goals, pathways and the sense of one’s own capacity to act.

  • Beyond the Breaking News-Part 5

    Violence, Fear, Perception and Agency

    Deepali Bhattacharya

    In conversation with TD, Clinical Psychologist  ·  An eleven-part reflection, with notes and references

    PART V

    Fear Is Not the Enemy

    “Before we learn how to overcome fear, we must first stop being ashamed of it.”

    One of the most reassuring moments in my conversation with TD came when I asked him whether people were overreacting.

    His answer surprised me.

    “No,” he said.

    “Fear is survival equipment.” 11

    I have carried that sentence with me ever since.

    We often speak about fear as though it were a weakness.

    Parents tell children not to be afraid.

    Leaders urge people to be fearless.

    Films celebrate those who appear untouched by danger.

    But psychology tells a different story.

    Fear is ancient.

    Long before human beings learnt to build cities or write constitutions, fear kept them alive.

    It warned them of predators.

    It prevented unnecessary risks.

    It prepared the body to respond quickly to danger.

    Without fear, our species would probably not have survived.

    The problem, therefore, is not fear.

    The problem is what happens after fear arrives.

    Some people deny it.

    Some become overwhelmed by it.

    Some quietly organise their lives around avoiding it.

    TD explained something that I found both comforting and practical.

    “The healthiest response,” he said, “is to begin by naming it.”

    “I am afraid.”

    Not because fear deserves control.

    But because unnamed fear often controls us.

    Psychologists have long observed that emotions become easier to regulate once they are acknowledged. 12

    The simple act of recognising fear reduces some of its power.

    Perhaps this explains why conversations matter.

    When people speak honestly about fear, they often discover they are not alone.

    The commuter who hesitates before boarding a train.

    The young woman returning home after work.

    The elderly man living by himself.

    The parents waiting for their child to come home.

    Their fears are different.

    Their humanity is the same.

    The goal is not to become fearless.

    The goal is to prevent fear from becoming the architect of our lives.

    Fear should inform our decisions.

    It should never imprison them.

    A QUESTION THAT STAYED WITH ME…

    If fear is natural, why do some people recover from frightening experiences while others remain trapped by them?

    Perhaps the answer lies in another psychological truth.

    We do not respond only to danger.

    We respond to how close that danger feels to us.

    Notes:

    11.  On fear as evolved protection, see Öhman and Mineka (2001) on the brain’s dedicated “fear module,” shaped by evolutionary threats and designed for rapid, automatic response.

    12.  This is affect labelling: Lieberman et al. (2007) showed that simply putting feelings into words dampens amygdala reactivity — neural evidence that naming an emotion begins to regulate it.

  • Trust Fund Kids

    Trust Fund Kids

    |Understanding Our Times | Series-1

    Beyond “Trust Fund Kids”: Youth Addiction, Trauma, Aspiration and Social Inequality in Urban India

    By Tathagat Dwij

    Edited by Deepali Bhattacharya

    Abstract


    Public conversations on youth addiction often move between two simplified images: the wealthy “trust fund kid” who turns to substances because life offers too much comfort, and the poor adolescent whose substance use is explained through deprivation, neglect or crime. Both images are incomplete. Drawing on practice-based reflections from work with adolescents across elite schools, community settings, vulnerable children and youth in conflict with law, this article argues that youth addiction must be understood through the interaction of trauma, aspiration, belonging, class location, family systems, mental health and access to substances.
    The article uses the “trust fund kid” as an entry point to examine one pathway into addiction: material security without emotional containment or purpose. It then places this alongside the experience of young people from low-income communities, where substance use may emerge from educational exclusion, family stress, violence, lack of opportunity and weak mental health infrastructure. The article argues for a trauma-informed but not trauma-reductionist approach. Addiction may be a response to trauma, but it is also shaped by biology, ADHD, depression, anxiety, peer culture, availability and the addictive properties of substances themselves.
    The article concludes that prevention and recovery require multi-layered responses: early assessment, family work, adolescent mental health services, humane de-addiction support, school counselling, community programmes, and stronger public health infrastructure.

    Keywords: youth addiction, trauma, aspiration, adolescent mental health, substance use, class inequality, urban India, belonging, rehabilitation

    1. Introduction
      Youth addiction is often discussed through blame. The wealthy child is called spoilt. The poor child is called delinquent. The adolescent using substances is seen as weak, immoral, rebellious or beyond control. These labels may satisfy social anxiety, but they do not help us understand addiction.
      Addiction among young people rarely has a single cause. It emerges where vulnerability meets availability. A young person may carry trauma, loneliness, anxiety, depression, ADHD, family conflict, shame, peer pressure or a deep absence of belonging. The substance then becomes more than a substance. It becomes relief, identity, escape, confidence, numbness or social entry.
      This article argues that youth addiction must be understood across class locations. In affluent contexts, substance use may emerge from purposelessness, performance pressure, entitlement, emotional neglect or excessive access. In low-income contexts, it may emerge from despair, violence, school exclusion, unemployment, family stress and lack of services. Both contexts are different, but both can weaken aspiration and belonging.
    2. The Trust Fund Kid: Wealth Without Necessity
      The term “trust fund kid” is not a clinical category. It is a social phrase used for young people whose financial futures are secured through inherited wealth, trusts or family assets. Wealth itself is not the problem. The problem begins when wealth removes necessity without creating responsibility, meaning or purpose.
      For many young people, aspiration is shaped by need. Education, work and achievement become meaningful because they are linked to dignity, autonomy and survival. But when survival is already guaranteed, effort may lose urgency. If this is combined with emotional distance, weak boundaries, family conflict or social pressure, a young person may experience life as comfortable but empty.
      Substance use can enter this emptiness. Drugs or alcohol may offer stimulation, rebellion, escape, peer belonging or emotional numbing. In such cases, addiction is not simply hedonism. It may be a response to a life that is materially full but emotionally thin.
    3. Addiction as Trauma Response — and More
      Addiction is often described as a trauma response. This is an important insight. Many people use substances to numb pain, regulate anxiety, manage shame, soften loneliness or escape memories of violence and neglect.
      However, addiction cannot be reduced to trauma alone. It is multifactorial. Biological vulnerability, family history, ADHD, depression, anxiety, impulsivity, peer culture, social pressure, substance availability and the pharmacology of the substance all matter. A young person may start using for social reasons but continue because the substance begins to regulate mood, sleep, confidence or emotional pain.
      The question, therefore, is not only “What trauma happened?” but also “What function is the substance serving?”
    4. Poverty, Despair and Substance Use
      Among young people from low-income communities, addiction may follow a different pathway. A child may grow up with poor schooling, unstable housing, family violence, migration stress, hunger, unemployment or neighbourhood exposure to substances. Mental health services may be absent. Recreation may be limited. The young person may be carrying adult responsibilities long before adulthood.
      Here, substance use may offer relief, status, belonging or escape. It may also become linked to petty crime, street survival, school dropout or conflict with law. The issue is not merely individual choice. It is a social ecology of risk.
    5. Aspiration and Collapse
      Aspiration is the capacity to imagine a future and believe that effort can move one toward it. Both privilege and deprivation can damage aspiration.
      In privilege, aspiration may weaken because nothing feels necessary. In deprivation, aspiration may weaken because nothing feels possible. One produces excess without purpose. The other producers struggle without hope. Both can lead to nihilism, risk-taking and addiction.
    6. Belonging and Shame
      Substance use is often a search for belonging. Adolescents are deeply shaped by peer acceptance. A young person who feels unseen at home or school may find identity in a group that drinks, smokes or uses drugs together. The group becomes a substitute family. Intoxication becomes both chemistry and community.
      This is why shame-based responses fail. When adults respond only with anger, punishment or ridicule, the young person hides more. Recovery requires accountability, but it also requires dignity.
    7. What Must Be Done
      A serious response to youth addiction must include:
      • Early screening for substance use, depression, ADHD, anxiety, trauma and self-harm.
      • Family counselling is safe and appropriate.
      • School-based mental health support.
      • Humane, evidence-based de-addiction services.
      • Community youth programmes that use sports, arts, mentoring, and livelihood exposure.
      • Post-treatment relapse prevention. Stronger public investment in adolescent mental health and addiction care.
    8. Conclusion
      Youth addiction is not only a problem of rich children with too much money or poor children with too little support. It is a problem of pain, emptiness, disconnection, availability and failed systems of care.
      Some young people use substances to numb trauma. Some use them to belong. Some use them because they have no purpose. Some use them because they have no hope. Many use them for all these reasons together.
      If we want prevention and recovery, we must move beyond labels. We must ask what young people are missing: safety, meaning, care, opportunity, structure, treatment or belonging. Addiction begins where these absences deepen. Recovery begins when they are rebuilt.

    About the author:
    Tathagat Dwij is a clinical psychologist with experience working with adolescents and young adults across diverse settings in Mumbai, including elite international schools, community-based organisations, vulnerable children, and youth in conflict with the law. He has worked with Salaam Baalak Trust and facilitated art-based therapeutic sessions under the mentorship of the therapeutic artist Sanjay Ojha. His interests include youth mental health, trauma, addiction, identity, and the relationship between social inequality and psychological distress.

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